Milledgeville () is a city in and the county seat of Baldwin County, Georgia, United States. Founded in 1803 along the Oconee River, it served as the state capital of Georgia from 1804 to 1868, including during the American Civil War. The city's layout—modeled after the grid plans of Savannah, Georgia, and Washington, D.C.—reflects Milledgeville's intended role as a planned seat of government. During its years as the capital, Milledgeville quickly became a hub of political activity and cotton-based commerce before facing significant economic changes after the capital was relocated to Atlanta in 1868.

Today, Milledgeville lies along the Fall Line Freeway, a major east-west corridor that connects Milledgeville with historically significant cities like Augusta, Macon, and Columbus. Its historic core, including the Old State Capitol, is preserved within the Milledgeville Historic District in downtown Milledgeville.

Milledgeville is home to a public school district, private K-12 schools, and three colleges: Georgia College & State University, Georgia Military College, and Central Georgia Technical College. These institutions contribute to both the cultural and economic vitality of the city. Other key sectors include healthcare, retail trade, and public administration. Tourism also supports the local economy, with visitors drawn to features like the city's historic architecture, Lake Sinclair, and Andalusia, the former home of author Flannery O'Connor.

Milledgeville is the principal city of the Milledgeville micropolitan area, which had a population of 43,799 as of the 2020 United States census. The city itself had a population of 17,070. In recent years, local leaders have prioritized economic diversification and downtown revitalization as part of broader efforts to support growth and attract investment.