Madison is the capital city of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is the second-most populous city in Wisconsin, 16th-most populous city in the Midwest, and 77th-most populous city in the United States with a population of 269,840 at the 2020 census. The Madison metropolitan area had 680,796 residents. Centrally located on an isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, the vicinity also encompass Lakes Wingra, Kegonsa and Waubesa. Madison was founded in 1836 and is named after American Founding Father and President James Madison. It is the county seat of Dane County.

As the state capital, Madison is home to government chambers including the Wisconsin State Capitol building. It is also home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. Major companies in the area include Epic Systems, American Family Insurance, Exact Sciences, Promega, American Girl, Sub-Zero, Lands' End, Spectrum Brands, a regional office of Google, and numerous biotechnology and health system startups. Tourism also plays a vital role in the local economy, generating over $1 billion in 2018. The city features a variety of cultural and recreational institutions, including the Henry Vilas Zoo, Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Chazen Museum of Art, Olbrich Botanical Gardens, Overture Center for the Arts, and Wisconsin Historical Museum.

As of 2024, Madison is the fastest-growing city in the state. Residents of Madison are known as Madisonians. The city has a long-standing reputation for progressive political activity and is regarded as the most politically liberal city in Wisconsin. The presence of the University of Wisconsin–Madison and other educational institutions significantly shapes the local economy, culture, and demographics. Madison boasts one of the highest numbers of parks and playgrounds per capita among the 100 largest U.S. cities and is widely recognized as a bicycle-friendly community. The city is home to nine National Historic Landmarks, including several buildings designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, most notably the UNESCO World Heritage Site Jacobs I House.